Proto-Läptälm language

Proto-Läptälm is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Läptälm languages spoken in the Kraj tu Ungu Peninsula by the Läptälm peoples.

Phonology

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ! rowspan=2 | Bilabial ! rowspan=2 | Alveolar ! rowspan=2 | Palatal ! colspan=2 | Velar ! rowspan=2 | Glottal ! plain ! labiased ! colspan=2 | Nasal ! rowspan=3 | Plosive ! voiceless ! aspirated ! voiced ! colspan=2 | Fricative ! colspan=2 | Approximant
 * + Consonant phonemes of Proto-Läptälm
 * m || n || ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ || ŋ || ŋʷ ||
 * p || t || c || k || kʷ || (ʔ)
 * pʰ || tʰ || cʰ || kʰ || kʷʰ ||
 * b || d || ɟ ⟨j⟩ || ɡ || ɡʷ ||
 * || s || || || ||
 * || l || || || ||
 * }

Vowels

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! rowspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | Front ! colspan=2 | Back ! unrounded ! rounded ! unrounded ! rounded ! Close ! Mid ! Open
 * + Vowel phonemes of Proto-Läptälm
 * i || y ⟨ü⟩ || ɯ ⟨ï⟩ || u
 * || ø ⟨ö⟩ || || o
 * æ ⟨ä⟩ || || ɑ ⟨a⟩ ||
 * }

Noun incorporation
All nouns that function as the subject and all pronouns, regardless of function, are by default incorporated into the verb. Although direct and indirect objects and adverbials are normally expressed as separate words, they may be incorporated as affixes before the subject. In which case, the direct and indirect objects lose their accusative and dative markers, their functions being expressed by means of sheer order instead. For example:


 * *Tlödñiltʰ äldbük klamnïm tlötkäpilt — The man cooks bread to the woman in the oven.
 * *Tlödältpklämntlötkäpiltñiltʰ — The man in-oven-for-woman-bread-cooks.