Proto-Piduru language

Proto-Piduru (Piduru ) is the common ancestor of the Piduric language family native to the Piduru Archipelago (Chilianesia) in Northwest Soco.

Consonants

 * {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 | ! Bilabial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! colspan=2 | Nasal ! rowspan=2 | Plosive ! voiceless ! voiced ! colspan=2 | Fricative ! colspan=2 | Approximant ! colspan=2 | Tap
 * + Consonant phonemes of Proto-Piduru
 * m || n || || ŋ ⟨ñ⟩
 * p || t || || k
 * b || d || || ɡ
 * || s || ʃ ⟨x⟩ ||
 * || || j ⟨y⟩ || w
 * || ɾ ⟨r⟩ || ||
 * }

Vowels

 * {| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center

! colspan=2 | ! Front ! Central ! Back ! rowspan=2 | Close ! oral ! nasal ! rowspan=2 | Open ! oral ! nasal
 * + Vowel phonemes of Proto-Piduru
 * i || || u
 * ĩ ⟨į⟩ || || ũ ⟨ų⟩
 * || a ||
 * || ã ⟨ą⟩ ||
 * }

Phonotactics
The Proto-Piduric syllable structure is (C)V(N), where N is any nasal. (N) is only allowed word-finally. When a suffix is added, it disappear and nasalises the previous vowel.

Stress
Stress in Proto-Piduru is non-phonemic. Proto-Piduru always places the stress on the final syllable.

Grammar
The basic order for Proto-Piduru is verb–subject–object (VSO). Otherwise, Proto-Piduru is a head-final language.

Nouns
Nouns in Proto-Piduru are either animate, marked with the suffix -są, or inanimate, marked with the suffix -ku. The plural is formed by removing the animacy suffix. Uncountable nouns do not take any animacy marking.

Inalienable possession is indicated by agreeing with the animacy of the possessor. For example:


 * maųsą bųsąkiñ — the cat's head
 * rawaku bųkubam — the top of the mountain

Cases
Nouns are inflected for 11 cases: subjective, ergative, accusative (-ba), inessive (tim-), allative (niñ-), ablative (rin-), instrumental, comitative, causative, essive and derivational (-im).

Verbs
Verbs are polypersonal and conjugated for subject, direct and indirect object, tense, aspect and mood. The person prefixes are the same regardless of function, instead, distinguished by position. The subject prefix precedes the direct object, which in turn precedes the indirect object.

Direct objects may be incorporated into the verb with the derivational affix. For example:


 * Yikuñ maųba. — I eat cats.
 * Yimaųįkuñ. — I cats-eat.